Material tables

Specific weights for some solids and liquids (kg/dm3)

Steel

7,86

Worked rubber

1 – 2

Distilled water

1

Graphite

1,9 – 2,3

Sea water

1,02 - 1,03

Granite

2,3 - 2,6

Alabaster

2,3 - 2,8

Linoleum

1,2

Ethyl alcohol

0,8

 

 

Aluminum

2,7

Marble

2,7 - 2,8

Amber

1

Bricks

1,4 - 1,8

Asbestos

2,1 - 2,8

Mercury

13,596

Sandstone

1,8 - 2,5

Mica

2,6 - 3,2

Silver

10,49

Naphtha

0,75 - 0,77

Clay

2 - 2,5

Snow

0,080 - 0,19

Ivory

1,9

Nickel

8,8

Bakelite

1,3

Vegetable oils

0,91 - 0,93

Basalt

2,7 - 3,2

Gold

19,3

Petrol

0,68 - 0,7

Brass

8,4 - 8,6

Bitumen

1,5

Paraffin

0,9

Bronze

7,4 - 8,8

Petroleum

0,79 - 0,82

Butter

0,95

Lead

11,34

Compact limestone

2,4 - 2,8

Pyrite

4,9 - 5,2

Concrete

2

Platinum

21,4

Kaolin

2,1 - 2,3

Pumice

0,4 - 0,9

Coal

0,72 - 0,85

Porcelain

2,4

Paper

0,7 - 1,1

Quartz

2,6

Tar

1,2

Copper

8,93

Celluloid

1,4

Sand pile

1,6

Cellulose

1,5

Salt

2,15

Cement

1,4

Rock salt

2,2

Wax

0,95

Tallow

0,95

Chrome

7,14

Serpentine

2,5 - 2,7

Greased leather

1,05

Silica

1,8 - 2

Dynamite

1,5

Pond

7,28

Ebonite

1,15

Cork

0,2 - 0,35

Eternit

2

Talc

2,6 - 2,8

Iron

7,86

Travertine

2,2 - 2,5

Vulcanized fiber

1,1 - 1,45

Tuff

1,1 - 1,9

Ice

0,9

Tungsten

19,1

Cast iron castings

7,25

Zinc

7,1

Elastic rubber

0,92

Sulfur

2


Specific heat of some materials at room temperature (T = 298 K) and at atmospheric pressure

Material

J/kg/°C or J/kg/K

cal/g/oC or cal/g/K

(Btu/lbmoF)

Air (50 oC)

1004,6

0,240

0,240

Aluminum

962,8

0,230

0,230

Benzene

1750

0,418

0,418

Brass

376,7

0,090

0,090

Carbon

506,5

0,121

0,121

Carbon dioxide

837,2

0,200

0,200

Copper

389,3

0,093

0,093

Glass (average)

837,2

0,200

0,200

Gold

134

0,032

0,032

Helium

5232,5

1,250

1,250

Hydrogen

14985,9

3,580

3,580

Ice (-10 oC to 0 oC)

2093

0,500

0,500

Iron

481,4

0,115

0,115

Marble

858

0,205

0,205

Mercury

138,1

0,033

0,033

Methyl alcohol

2549

0,609

0,609

Oxygen

920,9

0,220

0,220

Silver

238,6

0,057

0,057

Soil (typical)

1046

0,250

0,250

Water 

4186

1,000

1,000

Water vapor

2009,3

0,480

0,480

Wood (typical)

1674

0,400

0,400


1 J/(kg K) = 2,389x10-4 kcal/(kg °C) = 2,389x10-4 Btu/(lbm °F)

1 kJ/(kg K) = 0,2389 kcal/(kg °C) = 0,2389 Btu/(lbm °F)

1 Btu/(lbm °F) = 4186,8 J/ (kg K) = 1 kcal/(kg °C)

1 kcal/(kg °C) = 4186,8 J/ (kg K) = 1 Btu/(lbm °F)

Absorption coefficient for some solid and liquid materials

Material

Absorption coefficient (‘a’)

Water

0,66

Raw aluminum

0,07

Polished aluminum

0,04

Silver clean

0,03

Paper

0,8

Highly polished iron

0,28

Iron as turned

0,4

Oxidized iron

0,89

Ice

0,63

Polished granite

0,43

White plaster

0,9

Polished wood

0,8

White and smooth marble

0,56

Mercury

0,18

Brick wall

0,92

Carbon black and coal

0,94

Clean gold

0,48

Clear copper mirror

0,1

Polished copper sheet

0,3

Rough and oxidized copper

0,75

Pond

0,06-0,12

Glass and painted porcelain

0,9

Zinc

0,2-0,3


 Values of the thermal conductivity coefficient at the temperature of 20 ° C for some materials.

Material

l  (W/mK)

Steel

52

Stainless steel

17

Liquid water at rest

0,60

Heavy water from 10 °C to 100 °C

0,56 ¸ 0,65

Alcohol

0,21

Aluminum

220

Asbestos

0,113

Dry air (resting status)

0,026

Silver

420

Asphalt

0,698

Basalt

1,27 ¸ 3,5

Bitumen

0,17

Bronze

58 ¸ 65

Limestone

1,6 ¸ 3,5

Coal

0,14 ¸ 0,17

Charcoal powder

0,12

Paper and cardboard

0,14 ¸ 0,23

Plasterboard sheets

0,21

Rubber

0,13 ¸ 0,23

Celluloid

0,35

Compressed cellulose

0,24

Cement powder

0,07

Ash

0,069

Plywood

0,109

Clay

0,90

Dolomite

1,8

Electrolytic iron

87

Chalk

0,4

Ice at 0 °C

2,22

Cast iron

50

Glycerine

0,220

Hard rubber

0,163

Graphite

4,9

Granite

3,18 ¸ 4,1

Lime and gypsum plaster

0,70

Bricks: solid bricks, drilled bricks, lightweight bricks

0,25 ¸ 1

Wool

0,038

Lava

2,9

Aluminum alloys

160

Fir wood

0,12

Maple wood

0,18

Oak wood

0,22

Manganin

23

Marble

2,1 ¸ 3,5

Liquid mercury at 0 °C

8,13

Liquid mercury at 60 °C

9,64

Liquid mercury at 120 °C

10,92

Liquid mercury at 160 °C

11,6

Liquid mercury at 222 °C

12,78

Mica

0,523

Freshly fallen snow up to 3 cm

0,06

Soft snow in layers from 3 to 7 cm

0,12

Snow moderately compact from 7 to 10 cm

0,23

Compact snow in layers from 20 to 40 cm

0,7

Nickel

58 ¸ 65

Oils and petroleum

0,12 ¸ 0,17

Gold

299

Brass

70 ¸ 116

Solid lead

35

Platinum

70

Perspex

0,157

Porcelain

0,80 ¸ 1,05

Porphyry

2,9

Quartz orthogonal to the axis

6,6

Quartz parallel to the axis

12,8

Quartz casting objects

1,4 ¸ 1,9

Copper

380

Dry sand

0,35

Sand to 7% of humidity

1,16

Solid sodium

125,60

Liquid sodium from 100 °C to 500 °C

86 ¸ 67

Pond

64

Steatite

2,7

Cork with density 200 kg/m3

0,052

Tuff

0,63 ¸ 1,7

Glass

0,5 ¸ 1

Zinc

110

Sulfur

0,23

 Coefficients of thermal linear expansion

Material

λ (°C –1)

Aluminum

2,40E-05

Aluminum (alloy)

2,30E-05

Austenitic steel 

1,70E-05

Brass

1,90E-05

Brick

6,00E-06

Bronze

1,80E-05

Carbon steel

1,20E-05

Cast iron

1,00E-05

Concrete

1,20E-05

Copper

1,70E-05

Costantan

1,50E-05

Diamond

1,30E-05

Ferritic steel

1,00E-05

Glass

8,00E-06

Gold

1,40E-05

Grained

9,00E-06

Graphite

3,00E-06

Hard Rubber

7,70E-05

Iron

1,20E-05

Lead

2,90E-05

Marble

7,00E-06

Martensitic steel

1,10E-05

Platinum

9,00E-06

Polyamide (nylon)

1,00E-04

Polyethylene

2,00E-05

Polypropylene

1,60E-05

Polyurethane (hard)

1,25E-04

Polystyrene (hard)

8,00E-05

Porcelain

4,00E-06

PVC (hard)

8,00E-05

PVC (soft)

2,00E-05

Pyrex glass

3,00E-06

Quartz glass

5,00E-07

Silicon

3,00E-06

Silver

1,90E-05

Steatite

7,00E-06

Tempered glass

9,00E-06

Titanium

8,60E-06

Tungsten

5,00E-06

Wood (parallel to fiber)

4,00E-06

Wood (transversal to fiber)

5,80E-05

Zinc

1,70E-05

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